We sat down with our surgeon, Carol-Anne Moulton, on Thursday and got lots of news.
The short version of this story is that Malcolm will probably be okay for a long time. Probably. He is not cured, but there is a good likelihood of a long and relatively healthy life.
The longer version involves a lot of detail, if you're interested. But we are feeling pretty good compared to where we were a couple of months ago.
There were six tumours removed from his liver, but I don't have the complete count of the number taken from his colon and appendix. They had to remove about 60 percent of his liver, plus a third to one-half of his large intestine (colon) and a small section of his small intestine.
There were several tests done to confirm the cancer and measure its severity. These include (1) a CgA blood test, (2) a 5HiAA urine test, (3) lymph-node testing, (4) stain testing.
(1) & (2) test the presence of cancer-specific activities. CgA (Chromogranin A) testing measures the presence of certain types of NET cancers through the levels or quality of certain blood products. Malcolm's CgA prior to the surgery was 141, where "normal" is 100.
5HiAA testing shows the level of excess serotonin in the body, and tells us whether/ not the tumours were the damaging ones we were worried about. Malcolm's were 185, where "normal" is less than 50. We did not observe any of the symptoms of this high level, and as far as we can tell, he does not have any of the possible heart or lung damage.
Since all the tumours that could be found have been removed, we are hoping that the follow-up tests will show "normal" levels.
[Oh, those quotation marks ...](3) Dr. Moulton removed 39 lymph nodes from Malcolm's large intestine. Of those, three had metastatic NET cancer. ("Metastatic" just means that it's spread from the primary site.) Since the lymph nodes run in chains, it would seem to make sense if cancer from one spread to the next in line. Sometimes this happens, but sometimes the cancer skips a node and appears in one further down the line. But the fact that only three out of 39 showed cancer suggests that it is probably -- though not 100 percent -- that he will not have the same volume of tumours in the future.
This is partly what a surgeon means when they talk about "margins". Is there a clear cancer-free barrier between the tumour and the cuts that were made? In Malcolm's case, the answer with respect to the lymph nodes is, "probably." The pathologist said, though, that there were clear margins in the liver tumours.
(4) After the tumours were removed, an additional test was done on the tumours to see how they reacted to a specific stain. This measures the rate of growth of the tumours. The faster they grow, the scarier.
In Malcolm's case, 20 sections were tested, and the results ranged from 2 to 20, where less than 15 is optimal. Dr. Moulton says that this means that the severity is "mild to moderate"
What this means to us: We're doing okay. Malcolm is getting stronger every day. We still need your patience, help here and there, your good wishes and prayers, and your ears.
We do still need your support. But as every day passes, we'll be closer to "normal".
[Quotation marks again.]Interesting digression: Dr. Moulton tells us that the liver will have completely replaced the missing volume by now, less than six weeks post-surgery. The liver has eight sections, and you can remove a number of them without a problem. The lost ones are not regenerated, but the remaining sections will grow to create a liver that is the same size and functioning as the original. So, Malcolm lost the right lobe of his liver, and though he will not get a new right lobe, the left lobe can compensate -- and pretty quickly, too.